GLOBAL HYDRO LOGICAL CYCLE AND WATER BALANCE

WHAT IS HYDRO LOGICAL CYCLE?

we know earth has one - third of water.it is found at three form i.e solid form like ice ,liquid form like rivers,oceans and lakes , and gaseous form. The hydro logical process is a very important process in the globe where water is exchanging through atmosphere,biosphere,hydrosphere and lithosphere in cyclic manner.it is referred to as cyclic movement of water through the process of evaporation,transpiration,evapo-transpiration,condensation and finally precipitation within the earth.The water cycle, also known as the hydro logical cycle or the H2O cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth.

Process of Hydro logical Cycle:

The process of hydrological cycle starts while sunrays falls on the water bodies,get evaporate to form water vapor. This water vapor moves upward to the higher altitude.This water vapor forms cloud through the process of condensation.when cloud becomes heavier ,falling on the ground through precipitation in form of rain,hail,snowfall,sheet and so on.

Precipitation while falling on the ground,some portion of water evaporates and returns to atmosphere before reaching earth's surface, some portion of water reaches to the ground and infiltrates into the soil enriching the ground water table as well as maintaining the moisture contain of soil.

Some portion of water flows over the ground through runoff and falls on the oceans.two type of runoff is occured in the earth surface i.e. surface runoff ( the running of water over the land surface and discharge to the rivers,lakes,ponds and oceans.) and Sub surface runoff ( infiltrating of water moves towards the rives and water bodies )

Infiltrating of water into the soil gets absorbed by the roots of vegetation which is also returned to the atmosphere through the process of Transpiration.

Some of water returned through evapotranspiration to the atmosphere.

Some of water is left as depression storage.

Further this process is again repeated on the earth surface in cyclic manner.

Components of Hydrological Cycle

Evaporation:- The process in which water gets heated up and forms in water vapor state.

Transpiration:- The absorption of water by the roots of vegetation releases the water which returns to the atmosphere.

Evapotranspiration:-The process in which evaporation and transpiration occurs together.

Condensation:-The process in which water vapor transfers in liquid State.

Precipitation:- Precipitation fall on the ground in form of rain,snow ,hail,mist and so on.

Infiltration:- When water moves into the ground and absorbs by the roots, stems as well as enriches the water table and soil contents.The pervious soil is more infiltrated than impervious soil ,on the other side,The soil like sand is more infiltrated than clay soil.

Runoff:- The running of water which cannot be infiltrated, flowing over the land and discharge into the ocean

Possible ways that Precipitation falls on the ground:

Precipitation falls on the earth surface in various ways such as

1. Direct flow : Precipitation falls directly in rivers , oceans and other water bodies is called direct flow

2. Stem flow: Some portion of rainfall is intercepted by the vegetation.some portion is evaporated ,remaining portion reaches the all branches of the trees

3. Through Flow : Some portion of reaches directly on the ground is called through flow.

4.Ground water storage:Some portion infiltrates and enriches the ground water table.

5. Runoff: Some portion of water flow over the land through runoff

IS HYDRO LOGICAL CYCLE CLOSED SYSTEM?

When sunrays fall on the ocean,evaporating from the ocean,transpiration from the vegetation and evapotranspiration is balanced by returning water into atmosphere through precipitation and runoff.,Thus it is called closed system.It is a good example. water is neither added or lost ,the amount of water is remained same.It just moves from to one to other storage.

WATER BALANCE:

Water balanced is defined as calculating the inputs and outputs amount of water.how they balanced in atmosphere of any period.

The water balance can be shown :

precipitation (P) = stream flow (Q) + evapotranspiration (E) +/- changes in storage (S) P=Q+E +/- S. The water balance affects how much water is stored in a system.