WHAT IS DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION ?
The term demography means the structure of population and The term transition means the transfer from one stages to another stages.so that The demographic transition is the shifting in demography from one stage to other.
Warren Thompson in 1929 observed a tradition of birthrate and death rate which had a grate impact of socio economic condition at a particular place.Following Thompson,there was two more who gave the idea of demographic transition,they were Notestein and Blacker.
Warren Thompson in 1929 observed a tradition of birthrate and death rate which had a grate impact of socio economic condition at a particular place.Following Thompson,there was two more who gave the idea of demographic transition,they were Notestein and Blacker.
Classical stages of Demographic Transition:
1. High birthrate and High death rate = High stationary stage
2. High birth rate and Falling death rate = Early expansion stage
3.Falling birthrate and Low death rate = Late expansion stage
4.Low birthrate and Very low death rate = Low stationary
5.Very low birthrate and low death rate= Decline
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
The gap between birthrate and death rates during the transition is called "Transitional Growth".
Thus, The population moves from high mortality replacement level to low mortality replacement level.
IN WHICH PHRASES INDIA BELONGS TO?
The European counties,Asian and Latin American countries followed the classical theory but the time and pace were different.In case of Indian context,the pattern is followed the classical theory but rate of change is very slow.
The declination of death rate is started to fall in 1920 birthrate was remained same up to 1960. Therefore,the growth of population was very high.
After 1960 the birthrate started to fall but death rate was still declining and continuing the population growth. The Natural increase might be declined in last decades.Finally India is moving through demographic transition from third to forth stages.
TRENDS AND DIFFERENTIALS IN MORTALITY:
The Crude birthrate was very high over 40/1000 population during early 20th century but a sharply fall below 40 in 1920s, it was 30 in 1940s. After 1960s it reached 20 and it was 10 in 1990s. Now in 2011 census is showing the rate of crude death rate is 7.1.
The life expectancy in India was below 20 years in 1911-1921 , Had increased 30 years in 1931-40,40 in 1951-60 and 50 years in 1970,it has been increasing 60 in 1990 now Life expectancy was 68.56 years in 2016.
TRENDS IN FERTILITY
Fertility was always high in past . Crude birthrate was 40/1000 in 1920, After 1960 ,a steadily fall of total fertility rate with 22.1.In 2011 census is showed 2.4 / 1000.now it is 2.2.
POPULATION GROWTH
India's population increased from 238 million in 1901 to 1210 million in 2011 which is more than quadruple.The rate of population growth was same up to 1921 and pick up after 1921.The rate of slowing growth noticed after 2001 with decadal growth 20%. The latest census shows a clear fall ,a decade growth of 17.6%and annual rate of 1.62%.
India is in the process of Demographic transition and is entered now in the phrases of falling fertility and low mortality ,Thereby reducing population growth.
