AGRICULTURAL LOCATIONAL MODEL : VON THUNEN

AGRICULTURAL LOCATIONAL MODEL : VON THUNEN



AGRICULTURAL LOCATIONAL MODEL : VON THUNEN

INTRODUCTION:
The best analytical agricultural land use theory in 19th century was given by JH Von Thunen. He attempt to explain agricultural land use pattern in economics perspectives. His   “ Der Isoliette Staat” or The Isolated State published in 1826.it is an example of normative model. But the book was not translated until 1966.The theory was based on the Mecklenburg in Germany. The main aim was to show how land uses varied from one place to other.
 He published two model
q  Relationship between market and production cost
q Intensity of production

ASSUMPTION:

The von thunen theory was based on some assumption
q It is an isolated place
No  rivers and No mountain are there
The climate and surroundings region are homogeneous type
The soil quality is favorable to agriculture
q Farmers are focused only in profit maximization
There is only one mode of transportation


PRINCIPLES OF VON THUNEN MODEL

1.LOCATIONAL RENT: LOCATIONAL RENT is the revenue a farmer receives after deducting the cost of production of a commodity  






2. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISTANCE AND TRANSPORT COST

3. INTENSITY OF PRODUCTION


BIT RENT THEORY
A bit rent curve shows the relationship between economic rent and distance from the market for one or several products. This basis for rings production around the market can be determined by comparing the bid rent curve foe two products. The bid rent curve is the line showing the economic return at varying distance from the market.









GENERAL THEORY OF VON THUNEN


According to von thunen ,there are  four zones
I. Dairy farming
II. Forest and wood
III. Vegetables
IV. Grazing land
 

According to von thunen model, perishable things in high demand with high transport cost get located close to the city. The items could compete on high priced land near center because of high market price. Less perishable things with lower transport cost and lower market prices get located away from the market


















MERITS:
1.It was one of the earliest pioneering concept to explain agricultural land use patterns in economics terms.
2.It helped put geography on sound scientific footing
3.He pointed out that locational importance.
4.It is applicable to local or global scales.
.
 
DEMERITS
1. His theory was modified of the concept of locational rent which was similar to economics rent concept of David Ricardo
2.His assumption was not universally true
3.His theory was irrelevant to   the contemporary world.

4. he didn’t give full concept


















SOCIAL CHANGE

SOCIAL CHANGE

SOCIAL CHANGE

When a group of people changes their lifestyles in a particular society is social change.The changes brings in lifestyle ,habits,food habits,customs,tradition,behavior ,attitudes,believes and values.

ORBURN

"social change means change in culture in two ways -material culture and non material culture."

JONES

" Social change is a term used to a describe variations and movements of social progress social interactions or social organization"


DIFFERENT ASPECT OF SOCIAL CHANGE

  • Economic purpose
  • religious aspect
  • political aspect
  • moral aspect
  • scientific and technological aspect

TYPE OF SOCIAL CHANGE






















FACTORS THAT BRINGING THE SOCIAL CHANGE


  • Environment: The natural calamities such as earthquake,Tsunami etc.
  •  Science and Technologies
  • Impact of war 
  • Impact of ideologies
  • cultural diffusion
  • Industrialization
  • Urbanization
  • modernization
  • Globalization

 BARRIER OF SOCIAL CHANGE

  • Psychological barrier
  • Political barrier
  • Economics barrier
  • Social barrier
  • Cultural barrier
  • Intentional barrier
  • Isolation
  • Fear