Soil
in India
CLASS
10
ICSE IMPORTANT QUESTION
1.
MENTION TWO
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ALUVIAL SOIL AND BLACK COTTON SOIL?
ALLUVIAL SOIL
|
BLACK COTTON SOIL
|
It is an ex- situ which means it has been transported
by rivers
|
It is in- situ type which is formed
due to break down of parent rocks
|
It is found in
northern coastal plains such as Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West
Bengal and Odisha.
|
It is found in the Gujarat,
Maharashtra, parts of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh etc.
|
Yellow in color
|
Black in color
|
Rich in potash, humus, and lime.
|
Rich in iron, potash, lime, calcium,
aluminum, magnesium and carbonate
|
2.
WHAT IS SOIL
EROSION? MENTION THE STEPS THAT PREVENTS THE SOIL EROSION?
Soil erosion may be defined as the detachment and
transportation of soil by the agents of denudation such as weathering running
water, and wind etc.
There are two
types of preventive measures:
Agronomic measures: tree should be planted in several
rows to check the speed of wind. This reduce soil erosion
Mechanical measures: if dams are constructed in upper
course of the rivers to check the soil erosion
3. STATE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FOLLOWING SOIL
ALLUVIAL SOIL:
Alluvial soils are transported by the rivers. They are
thus called ex – situ. It is found in Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,
West Bengal, Odisha, coast of Gujarat, Rajasthan. The characteristics of
alluvial soil are 1. Found to a depth of 500 meters
2. Yellow in color.
3. Rich in potash humus and lime.
4. Deficient in nitrogen tends to be phosphoric.
5. Varies greatly in texture from the coarse to fine.
6. crop grown such as cotton, oilseeds, sugarcane
BLACK SOIL:
Black soil is also known as regur soil which is
originated by volcanisms. It has been formed in situ that found in the area
where it has been formed. It is found in mainly in decan trap region such as
greater parts of Gujarat, Maharashtra, parts of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
south Uttar Pradesh etc.
The characteristics of black soil are as follows:
1. Deep fined-grained and varying in color from black to
chestnut brown.
2. rich in iron, potash, lime, calcium, alumina,
magnesium and carbonates.
3. Moisture retentive and very sticky when it wets
4. when dry, hardens, and forms deep cracks.
5. crops grown such as wheat, jower, fruits and vegetables
RED SOIL:
Red soil formed in situ by weathering of crystalline and
metamorphic rocks and has a mixture of clay and sand. It is found large part of
Tamil nadu, Karnataka, north – east Andra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha
The
characteristics of red soil are as follows:
1. Red in color
2. Present in high iron oxide content,
3. Deficient in nitrogen, lime, phosphorous, and humus.
4. Rich in potash.
5. Porous, friable, but not retentive of moisture.
4 DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS:
LEACHING: leaching
is a process in which the nutrient of soil percolates down the soil due to
heavy rainfall that makes soil fertile.
GULLY EROSION: gully erosion is a type of erosion which
originates during heavy rainfall when running water cuts through the soil
making in deep channel.
RILL EROSION: rill
erosion is a type of erosion which originates when runoff water forms small
channel running down the slope.
SHEET EROSION: the washing off the top soil due to
the flowing of water as cover large area.
STREAM BANK EROSION: when river cuts down in
concave side and deposits on another side i.e. convex side in the lower course
is called stream bank erosion.
STRIP CROPPING: when
strips of grass grown between the strips of crops. They are known as strip
cropping.
CONTOUR PLOUGHING: when one plough along the
contour line .
5. ONE WORD
ü IT
FORMS SECOND LARGEST SOIL GROUP IN INDIA = RED SOIL
ü A SOIL
WHICH IS GOOD FOR THE CULTIVATION OF TEA AND COFFEE= LATE RITE SOIL
ü A
FERTILE YOUNG ALLUVIUM SOIL= KHADAR SOIL
ü ONE INSITU= RED SOIL AND EX SITU SOIL= ALLUVIAL SOIL
ü A SOIL
THAT EXPERIENCE LEACHING= LATERITE SOIL
ü A
FERTILE OLD ALLUVIUM SOIL = BHANGAR
